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Learn Basics of Computer

What is Computer ?

Computer is an electronic data processing machine which accepts input data from the user, stores the input data in its memory, processes the input data according to given instructions and finally gives us the desired output.

What are Data ?

Data are the raw facts and figures in the form of bits and bytes.

What is information ?

Information is processed data.

Components of Computer

Computer has two components. Such as:
  1. Hardware
  2. Software

What is Hardware ?

All the parts of computer that we can see and touch are known as hardware.
Example - Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, etc.

What is Software ?

  1. A set of statements written in a programming language is known as a instruction.
  2. A set of instructions is known as a program.
  3. A set of programs is known as a software.
  4. Example - Microsoft Windows, Adobe Photoshop, Typing Master, etc.

Classification of Computers

Computers can be classified into three categories. Those are:
  1. According to type of data used.
  2. According to size.
  3. According to purpose.

According to type of data used

  1. Analog computer
  2. Digital computer
  3. Hybrid computer

According to size

  1. Micro computer
  2. Mini computer
  3. Mainframe computer
  4. Super computer

According to purpose

  1. Special purpose computer
  2. General purpose computer

Working Principle of Computer

Input--------->Storage---------->Output
                            |      ^                          
                            |      |
                            |      |
                            |      |
                            v     |
                         Process

Block Diagram of Computer


         ------------> Memory Unit---------->
         ^                            (MU)                       |
         |                             |     ^                        |
         |                             |     |                         |
         |                             |     |                         |
         |                             v    |                         |
         |                      Arithmatic                    |
         |                               &                           v
Input Unit               Logic Unit           Output Unit
                                     (ALU)
                                       |    ^
                                       |    |
                                       |    |
                                       v   |
                                Control Unit
                                      (CU)

Components of Hardware Peripherals

  1. Input Devices
  2. Storage Devices
  3. Processing Devices
  4. Output Devices

Input Devices

  1. Keyboard
  2. Mouse
  3. Scanner
  4. Lightpen
  5. Joystick
  6. Trackball
  7. BCR
  8. MICR
  9. OMR
  10. Touchpad
  11. Webcam

Storage Devices

  1. RAM
  2. ROM
  3. FDD
  4. HDD
  5. CD/DVD
  6. USB Flash Drive
  7. MicroSD Card

Processing Devices


  • Micro Processor

Output Devices

  1. Monitor
  2. Printer
  3. Plotter
  4. projector
  5. Speaker

How many types of memory are present in a computer system ?

There are two types of memory present in a computer system. Those are:
  1. Primary Memory
  2. Secondary Memory
Primary memory is again classified into four caegories. Such as:
  1. RAM
  2. ROM
  3. Cache Memory
  4. Register Memory
Examples of secondary memory would be
  1. FDD
  2. HDD
  3. CD/DVD
  4. USB Flash Drive
  5. MicroSD Card

How many types of softwares are available in the computer ?

There are two types of softwares available in our computer. Such as:
  1. Application Software
  2. System Software

Application Software

Examples of application software would be
  • Microsoft Office
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Tally
  • Typing Master

System Software

Again system software is classified into three types. Those are:
  1. Operating System
  2. System Tools
  3. Language Translators

Operating System

  • Linux
  • Mac
  • Unix
  • Windows

System Tools

  • Disk Check
  • Disk Cleanup
  • Disk Defrag
  • Registry Cleaner 

Language Translators

  • Compiler
  • Interpreter




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